For
centuries, the month of July was always considered to be the height of summer,
fairly temperate, often as in the preceding month, but there seemed an element
of violence in the British countryside. With paintings showing reapers flashing scythes through the
cornfields, stags fighting for supremacy over their rivals, sparrow hawks
hungrily hunting rodents and ferrets chasing rabbits; the wild animal kingdom
in July seems to have been at its ferocious height. This time of year is also
often characterised by fierce and unexpected thunderstorms - perhaps not the best news for our farmers, gardeners
and allotmenteers.
This is where St Swithin (or more
properly, Swithun) makes an entrance in our British folklore. He was a Saxon Bishop of Winchester, born in the ninth century in the
reign of King Athelwulf of Essex, in the kingdom of
Wessex. He was consecrated in 852. This particular saint seems to have been one
of the people, renowned for his kindly acts, building churches and helping
farmers in their apple orchards, but his chief link with modern times is his association
with the weather. A legend says that as
the Bishop lay on his deathbed, he asked to be buried out of doors, where he would
be rained and trodden upon. For many
years, his wishes were followed, but then, the monks of Winchester attempted to
remove his remains to a splendid shrine inside the cathedral on 15 July 971.
According to folklore, there was a tumultuously heavy storm during the
ceremony. The emblems of raindrops are often used to remember St Swithin and refer
to the superstition of the forty days' rain that followed his demise. So the
story has persisted over the following one thousand years.
Oddly enough, while most gardeners
and holiday makers would prefer not see rain on July 15th, our English
apple-growers really hope for a good soaking on this particular day. This is
because many old farmers used to say that the 'saints are watering the crops.'
If they fail to do so, the apple-harvest will be a poor one. Furthermore, no
apple should picked or eaten before July 15th.The other side of the
superstition is that apple-growers believe all embryo apples still growing on
St Swithin's day will fully ripen. If
the early part of June has been hot, then a few showers were not wholly unwelcome
in July. Even today, many British schoolchildren
might be familiar with the weather-rhyme well known
throughout the British Isles since Elizabethan times.
'Swithin's day if thou dost rain
For forty days it will remain
St Swithin's day if thou be fair
For forty days 'twill rain nae mair.'
(nae mair = no more}